23.10 Frequency analysis and x-ray crystallography

At the beginning of post 23.4, I described two routes to understanding x-ray crystallography. If you prefer the second, less mathematical, route – ignore this post! Before you read this, I suggest you read post 23.8. In post 22.14, we saw that the x-ray diffraction pattern of an object is given by the Fourier transform… Continue reading 23.10 Frequency analysis and x-ray crystallography

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23.6 Mutation

Before you read this, I suggest you read post 21.8. In my previous posts (21.11, 21.14 and 21.23), it may appear that genes are constant sources of information that never change. This idea explains most of what we know about why individuals have a different genotype and, therefore, a different phenotype to their parents. But… Continue reading 23.6 Mutation